Stream Trait

Streamtrait和Future很相像，但Stream可以在其完成前返回多个值，与标准库中的Iteratortrait类似：

trait Stream {
    /// The type of the value yielded by the stream.
    type Item;

    /// Attempt to resolve the next item in the stream.
    /// Returns `Poll::Pending` if not ready, `Poll::Ready(Some(x))` if a value
    /// is ready, and `Poll::Ready(None)` if the stream has completed.
    fn poll_next(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>)
        -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>>;
}

一个常见的Stream例子就是futurescrate中的管道类型Receiver。每次Sender段有值发送时都会产生一个Some(val)，当Sender释放，且所有信息已接收完成时则产生None：

async fn send_recv() {
    const BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 10;
    let (mut tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(BUFFER_SIZE);

    tx.send(1).await.unwrap();
    tx.send(2).await.unwrap();
    drop(tx);

    // `StreamExt::next` is similar to `Iterator::next`, but returns a
    // type that implements `Future<Output = Option<T>>`.
    assert_eq!(Some(1), rx.next().await);
    assert_eq!(Some(2), rx.next().await);
    assert_eq!(None, rx.next().await);
}